Is College Worth A College - 1254 Words

Throughout the USA college tuition has increased drastically; in the last five years Georgia colleges have had 75% increase along with other states such as Arizona whose tuition has increased by 77% (NPR). Since 2006 the tuition in Utah has increased by 62.8% and is rising throughout the U.S. (Desert News). Between 1885-2016 the price of college has increased between 2.1% to 4.3% per year beyond inflation (CollegeBoard). Through calculations, that equates to about a hundred precent increase since 1885. It’s no secret that college tuition has skyrocketed, increasing student debt and leaving prospective students to ask â€Å"Is College Worth It?† college education is beneficial in that it teaches students valuable life lessons in responsibility, prepares students to enter the workforce and can be relatively inexpensive. The eduction is â€Å"college education† is worth every penny but America has created clichà ©s to define the college experience which are expensi ve and unnecessary. In a radical new world a college education is required in many high paying jobs, which leads to the question â€Å"Is the experience of college all it is built up to be?† Through recent research, many articles and news mention about the value of higher education seem to only take account of is the financial aspect. A college education is worth what one makes it and is an investment in a future and in one’s self. The purpose of college the education is to be prepared to go into a the workforce having gained theShow MoreRelatedIs College Worth It?923 Words   |  4 PagesThe question here is, is college worth it? Many people question this especially high school students who are about to graduate. This debate is still taking place today. The common misunderstood saying is, if you have a degree you will then have a good job. But this is not the case because in today’s society there are so many people with degrees who still cannot find a job. The rate of unemployment is increasing rapidly on a yearly basis. High school students see it this way, if I can’t find a jobRead MoreIs College Worth It?857 Words   |  4 PagesIs college worth it, many ask and a lot of them wonder. This controversial topic has a lot of arguments and still no fix answer to it. Some people might find college to be not worth it as most people find it useless after graduation as said by TOM BACHTELL on a college graduation â€Å" diploma—need not be a statistics major to know that the odds of stepping into a satisfying job, or, indeed, any job, are lower now than might have been imagined four long years ago†. But in my opinion I would say thatRead MoreCollege Is Worth It?852 Words   |  4 Pages College is a place where students learn what they want to be when they graduate and they use that knowledge they obtained from college to fulfill their dream by what they have studied, so hard for in college. Some people ask, â€Å"Is College worth it?† and the answer to that question is, â€Å"Yes.† A lot of people continue to disagree with that answer, but when it’s all said and done: college is worth it. That is why, there is still students that enroll into a 4-year college or a community college becauseRead MoreCollege Is It Worth It?1317 Words   |  6 PagesCollege, is it Worth it? Is college really worth the time and money? This is the question I am going to be exploring. While many people may have an idea that college is just an abundance of debt, other students argue that most of the information they learn doesn’t provide them with the value they thought it would (Adams 1). Many college students who grow up with the opportunity to go to college usually don’t stress the idea of going to school, but most students who don’t have the opportunity toRead MoreCollege Worth?1116 Words   |  5 PagesIs College Worth It? College is a place for higher education. Many people go there for further study every year. Meanwhile, plenty of people skip college or drop out of college. Sort of people believe college is not worth because it cost too much. Most people think college is worth because you will able to get a good job when you holding a degree. Yes, because being a college graduate can help you gain more than the money you spent to pay for college. College is worth it because you will haveRead MoreCollege Is Worth It?1139 Words   |  5 Pagesdebate about whether or not college is worth it, but it’s hard to measure some of the pros of a college education in numbers. Most agree, however, that college enriches people’s life in some way that isn’t just financial. Through encountering different perspective and getting a liberal arts education, people become better citizens of the world. Or so the argument goes. In his essay, Colleges Prepare People for Life, Freeman Hrabowski argues that everyone should attend college, not just for the financialRead MoreCollege Is Not Worth It?1139 Words   |  5 PagesIn the debate about whether college is worth attending, many argue that college is worth it but others argue that college is not worth it. Those who argue that college is worth it contend to say that college graduates make more money, college allows students to explore career options, and not going to college will cost people more money in the future but on the other hand, those who argue that college is not worth it contend to say that college graduates are employed in jobs that do not require degreesRead MoreIs College Worth It?1177 Words   |  5 PagesStatistics Say Yes To College If you walked across the stage at your high school graduation ceremony you probably were confronted by the options of college, military service, work force, etc. If you decide college is the place to go, then questions start to arise, how am I going to pay for college, where should I go, what do I want to study. Is college is a voluntary place to further your education or is it mandatory to achieve a decent paying job? College has now become something that everyoneRead MoreIs College Worth It?972 Words   |  4 PagesIs College Worth It? In recent discussions of Is College Worth It? By John Green, a controversial issue has been whether, people should attend college or get a job after they finish high school. On the one hand, some argue that people can get a monthly income better than if they have a degree. From this perspective, some people they do not want to attend college. On the other hand, however, others insist that people should attend college after they finish high school. In the words of John Green,Read MoreIs College Worth It?1073 Words   |  5 PagesIs College Worth It? Is college worth it? This one question turns into this debate high school seniors begin to think about before graduating. In our society you cannot really say no to college education because many make it known as a necessity to be successful in life. Many of our parents have raised us to know that college is a must go and that there are no failures. However some may think different. A lot of people may think that not setting a foot in a university or community college does

Proposed Project Portfolio Management Process - 1469 Words

Proposed Project Portfolio Management Process Project management has grown beyond the confines of simplistic canned applications into a discipline that is in large part process, combined with common sense and inspiration. The process of Project and Portfolio Management (PPM) derives from the practices common to project management, as expressed in applications and tools developed to help project managers collaborate with project team’s cross-enterprise. Project and Portfolio Management solutions trump pure project planning applications by providing broad visibility into a corporation’s investments in human and material resources. Using PPM, project managers can determine how best to invest an organization’s capital in projects that†¦show more content†¦There are, however, best practices and key logical steps that can be gleaned from organizations such as Brigham Young University (BYU), DHL Americas and Eli Lilly, which have integrated portfolio management into the fabric of IT management. The key steps in creating and managing your IT investment portfolio: Gather: Do a Project Inventory Portfolio management begins with gathering a detailed inventory of all the projects in your company, ideally in a single database, including name, length, estimated cost, business objective, ROI and business benefits. In addition to project plan information, add weekly updates on how much time they spend working on projects. Creating a project portfolio inventory can be painstaking but is well worth the effort. For many companies, it may be their first holistic view of the entire IT portfolio and any redundancies. A good inventory is the foundation for developing the projects that best meet strategic objectives. Evaluate: Identify Projects That Match Strategic Objectives The next steps involve establishing a portfolio process. The heads of business units, in conjunction with the senior IT leaders in each of those units, compile a list of projects during the annual planning cycle and support them with good business cases that show estimated costs, ROI, business benefit and risk assessment. The leadership team vets those projects and sifts out the ones with questionable business value. Next, aShow MoreRelatedProposed Portfolio Management Process For Managing This Tampa1555 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive Summary This summary addresses the project selections criteria and high-level process for managing this Tampa, Florida--based company’s proposed Strategic Business Units (SBUs). The most current report indicates this company’s current revenue to be $350 million annually, but the Operations SBU recognizes that more must be done to expand while controlling costs if this company is going to continue to grow. Currently, the company has several projects in the works, but the Operations SBU has recognizedRead MoreProject Portfolio Management : Project Management1432 Words   |  6 PagesProject Portfolio Management (PPM) is the centralized management of the processes, methods, and technologies used by project managers and project management offices (PMOs) to analyze and collectively manage current or proposed projects based on numerous key characteristics. The objectives of PPM are to determine the optimal resource mix for delivery and to schedule activities to best achieve an organization’s operational and financial goals ― while honoring constraints imposed by customers, strategicRead MoreOrganizational Portfolio Management Process Project Management1102 Words   |  5 PagesORGANIZATIONAL PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT PROCESS Project Portfolio Management (PPM) is the management of one or more portfolios through evaluation, prioritization, selection, review, execution and monitoring of projects in the portfolio. The goal is to keep the portfolio(s) aligned with the vision, mission and strategic objectives of the organization while effectively and efficiently allocating internal resources to maximize the overall value to the organization. Because UPS has a very open and consensusRead MoreProject Proposal Essay1152 Words   |  5 Pagesseven to eight (7-8) page paper in which you: 1. Recommend a project portfolio management method for your selected project. Provide a rationale for your recommendation. Note: Be sure to align your project with the strategic efforst of the organization. 2. Create an outline of an executive summary that includes the type of problem, requirements, and proposed business problems solutions. 3. State the vision and the goal of the project. Note: Be sure that the goals are specific, Measurable, AttainableRead MoreEssay about proj 5871717 Words   |  7 Pagesassignment. Part 1 First, develop project selection criteria and a high level process for applying the criteria and managing the portfolio. The criteria should be consistent with the business environment for the industry, consistent with your companys overall mission/strategies, and consistent with the mission and strategies of your strategic business unit. You are proposing a process, not individual projects. The deliverable for Part 1 is a written proposal for the project selection criteria and a highRead MoreChallenges Faced By Senior Management1559 Words   |  7 Pagesessential with a clearer focus of the future. This poses a major problem to senior management because organizations consist of a changing mix of large and small projects which brings new challenges in prioritization of projects, resource planning and monitoring (Elonen and Artto, 2003). According to Engwall and Jerbant (2003) cited in Kaizer et al., 2015, the number of available project alternatives far outnumber the projects an organization can handle at a given time with its limited resources, and makingRead MoreSearch Engine And Navigation Protocols1520 Words   |  7 Pagesguidelines and incorporate different registration methods, search engine and navigation protocols. The coordination of the project causes massive frustration, aggravated employees and waste money. SUN president COO Ed Zander announce that a new u nit e-SUN will oversee all project and by doing so the company are able to quickly rationalized its internet efforts, killing a number of project outright, resigning and combining more. (Tjan, 2001) Many companies are in the same position as SUN and are eager toRead MorePortfolio Management : Strategic Management1662 Words   |  7 PagesPortfolio Strategic Management Introduction Modern organisations devise a plan prior to the beginning of the project, in order to achieve desired objectives. The collection of programs, projects, or objectives managed to achieve the desired results is known as a portfolio, and the co-ordinated management of one or more portfolios in an effort towards achieving the organization’s objectives, is known as portfolio management (Project Management Institute, 2013). Portfolio management plays a criticalRead MoreA Brief Note On Risk Management And Procurement Management976 Words   |  4 Pages This area of project management was completely overlooked. Tom did not engage the faculty before starting his project, and there was no consideration for the man hours involved in the projects execution. Having failed to get the proper approval and support for the project, he tied up the IT departments schools human resources for five months. Communication Management This case study is a great example of what not to do. If there is a potential project it must be vetted out completelyRead MoreProject Management At Al ( 2012 )1745 Words   |  7 Pages(2012) describes project management as balancing the â€Å"iron triangle†, where changes to any one of the planned costs, quality or scope will change the others elements. Risk management allows contingency to be put into project plans. (APM, 2012) Minimising negative effects and maximising the benefits of uncertainty. This, in theory, is how project risk management aids in ensuring successful project delivery. The Association of Project Management (APM) defines a project risk management in the following

Organisational Change Management Free Essays

string(106) " gets their commitment through their participation- should be used to get valuable inputs from employees\." Definition The only thing consistent in the recorded history of mankind is change (Paton and McCalman 2008). Heffron (1968) argues that â€Å"change is inevitable for individuals, organizations, and society, such as technology changes, values and attitudes change, goals and needs change, resource availability changes, laws change, political control of government changes† (p:152). Likewise, business corporations are faced with an inevitable challenge of undergoing change. We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational Change Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Business management practitioners have explored organizational change management for many decades. In an organizational context, the likelihood of successful change can be increased through a purposeful change management strategy. Berger (1994: p. 7) defines change management as â€Å"the continuous process of aligning an organization with its marketplace and doing it more responsively and effectively than competitors.† Various academicians have underscored the importance of conducting a thorough internal and external assessment of forces of change and of organizational characteristics. This assessment can facilitate the change process (see Witherspoon and Wohlert 1996). An organization can be affected by external factors such as: market environment, government policies, tax structures, technologies, and globalization. Internal factors of change include profitability, reorganizing corporate structure, resolving conflicts between organizational departments, and changes in social and cultural environments. According to Champy and Nohira (1996) â€Å"there are three major drivers stirring organizational change faster than ever before are as follows: technology, government and globalization†. The current case pertains to a car components manufacturing company called D2 which is facing threats from those competitors that manufacture their products in low-cost countries. D2 has four components manufacturing plants; 2 in France and one each in Spain and the UK. In my analysis, the company has had a focused generic strategy in that it focuses upon high quality products by prioritizing product innovation, new technologies and high performing workforce. D2 has been able to compete through this strategy so far. However, due to the rising pressure from low-cost manufacturers, D2 is losing its market share and needs to reduce its production costs to sustain competitiveness. For that, the company has planned to achieve greater economies of scale by limiting the production of car components at fewer sites. D2 is planning the closure of its Didcot (UK) production plant which has the most outdated production facility and at the same time is enhancing the production load of Blois, one of its French facilities with the most advance production facility which has not been used up to its fullest. According to my assessment, the external factors driving this change include the rising competition in market lead by the low-cost manufacturers and consumer demand for cheaper components. The internal factors for this change include the existence of an outdated production facility at Didcot and a relatively advance and unused production capacity at Blois. The degree of change undergoing this situation is revolutionary, as the company would be required to make a breakthrough shift in its business operations. The level of change in this particular situation is department/business unit/organizational level as one of its business unit will cease working while other will be working at an enhanced capacity. Discovery In this case, I have identified the following key issues. Firstly, the company needs to tackle its employees working at Didcot site who might largely face redundancy. Secondly, it needs to encourage some of its key knowledge workers who are important for the continued product innovation and hence the success of the company to relocate at the Blois site. Finally, the company also needs to ensure that its employees do not feel generally insecure due to the ongoing redundancies and changes. I suggest that these changes can be successfully managed through an effective leadership particularly aimed at dealing with these challenges. According to Kanter (1988), every change, innovation and developmental project can be successfully pursued by a visionary leader who is able to successfully sell his vision to others. Based on Kanter’s proposition, I am of the view that one of the most critical components of successful change management is leadership. There are numerous theories regarding leadership and management, however, it will be viable to discuss leadership from the perspective of leaders of change. Edgar Schein (1987) proposes three approaches that leaders and change agents may adapt to manage change. These approaches were originally identified for external consultants, but they have significant implications for all leaders of change in an organizational context. The three approaches are: the expert mode, the doctor-patient mode and the process consultation mode. The expert mode: This mode refers to a situation where the problems have already been identified and analyzed by an organization. The organization explains it to the leader/manager or consultant, who then uses his/her expertise to come up with a solution and implement it. The doctor-patient mode: In this mode, the roles of a leader/manager or a consultant varies in that he/she has to diagnose the problem first based on the available information and then prescribe a solution and implement it. The process consultation mode: In this mode, the leader/manager or consultant is to operate as a facilitator. The central premise of this approach is that the leader does not take ownership of the problem, but help others identify problems, and find and implement possible solutions. Schein (1987) points out that this approach allows for extensive participation of others and provides them with more opportunities for utilizing their knowledge and insights. Recently, Goleman, Boyatzis and McKee (2002) have identified six different styles of leadership namely: visionary, coaching, affiliative, democratic, pacesetting and commanding (Goleman et al. 2002). Visionary: Attracts and gathers people towards a common vision – it is appropriate when a new vision or a clear direction is required. Coaching: Connects people’s desires and goals with that of the organization- it is appropriate when the goal is to improve performance of employees and build long-term capabilities. Affiliative: Creates accord among people- should be used to mend rifts and resolve conflicts, or to motivate people in difficult and stressful times or to reinforce relationships. Democratic: Values the knowledge and insights of people and gets their commitment through their participation- should be used to get valuable inputs from employees. You read "Organisational Change Management" in category "Essay examples" Pacesetting: Meets deadlines, challenges and existing goals- it is appropriate in getting high results out of a motivated and capable teams Commanding: Gives direction in an emergency situation and exerts control- appropriate with problematic employees or in an emergency. First and foremost, I suggest that D2 should set up a dedicated leadership involving the top management to address this situation. The leadership style for the leader here should very much consultative in terms of Schein’s range of leadership styles. The leadership should adapt the role of a ‘process consultant’. Since there is not much the company can do in term of providing alternative employment opportunities for all the workers, the company can at best try to facilitate a smooth transition by being considerate and concerned about its workers while at the same time doing what it needs to do to sustain its profitability which is its primary responsibility towards its shareholders. Throughout the change process, the leader should never appear to impose this change onto others through force coercion. Instead, the leader should convey the company’s plan of closing its Didcot facility and shifting operation towards the Blois facility and let others realize it s implications so that they cope with them on their own terms. The leader can facilitate the staff to have a better outlook towards them, make them feel valued, and consequently allow them to make their own choices. In terms of Goleman, Boyatzis and McKee (2002) leadership styles, the leadership style for this particular change management situation should be that of coaching as well as affiliative. The leader should truly put its customers first was by valuing their contribution. A positive attitude towards them can be most appealing when it comes out as a natural response rather than as a forced one. The leader should try to bridge the gap between employees’ aspirations and the company’s objectives and promote a sense of accord and harmony among the staff to lessen any sense of insecurity and lack of commitment. Dream As mentioned before, it is imperative for organizations to apply change management strategies to successfully cope with a change situation. Formal change management strategies can provide viable solutions for dealing with change situations. Here, I have applied two different models of change which can be integrated to deal with the three key issues highlighted earlier. A popular model for change management is one proposed by Kurt Lewin (1951). This model is important here as it essentially deals with the human factor pertaining to change management, i.e. it is focused towards persuading employees to recognize change by varying their attitudes towards a circumstance. It involves three steps: â€Å"an unfreezing of the first attitude, i.e. a recognition that it may possibly be wrong a forming and shaping of the new attitude a freezing of the new attitude, i.e. a commitment to it†(Lewin, 1951) According to this model, the first and foremost step towards successful change management is to unfreeze the attitudes of the stakeholders. Stakeholders, who include top management, board members, and employees, often have fixed (frozen) attitudes because of their inability to observe problems or limitations of the existing system. Likewise, they might not realise the extent of the existing problems and its impact (Hayes, 2010). In this case, the top management of D2 has already acknowledged the problem pertaining to the company’s current business strategy and have devised a plan to mitigate it. However, it is the employees who may or may not already know the changing external environment and how it can affect their existing employment prospectus. This can be termed as â€Å"what we are now†. It is worthwhile to note that often stakeholders justify existing problems as necessary inconvenience or might be of the view that situations are difficult to change (Hayes, 2010). Here, it would be justified to assume that some middle managers and employees at the Didcot production facility may be aware of the pressure upon the company in terms of achieving higher cost efficiency and the plant’s outdated technology. However, they may have been dealing with this situation as a necessary inconvenience or may be thinking that despite the prevailing problems with the plant it is unlikely to be closed. These attitudes should be ‘unfreezed’. This can be concluded as the â€Å"the ideal situation†. The change agent, which in this case would be the change leader, must raise the problems with the existing system i.e. the external and internal drivers of change, and highlight the opportunities being missed in terms of competitive advantage. The change agent can also highlight the negative consequences of not changing i.e. the company losing its profitability in short-term and losing solvency in long-term to prepare the employees for accepting the change. Unfreezing the attitudes must be followed by forming new attitudes. It is best to set out an outline of the proposed change first, rather than dwelling into the details from the beginning. For instance, the change agent at D2 can identify the group of employees who are to be encouraged to relocate to the Blois manufacturing site and try to convince them in doing so. At this point, the advantages of relocating and disadvantages of not relocating or missing out the opportunity can be discussed. Here, a number of different strategies can be applied by the change agent to successfully shape new attitudes. Some of those strategies are: â€Å"Make an effective rational argument, based on costs and/or benefits Make an emotional appeal Pay attention to the quality of the presentation, to influence the other party Involve the other party in the process of forming the proposal Direct and command the other party† Use friends and allies to represent or reinforce your case (Lewin, 1951 in Hughes, 2010) Finally, once the change has been accepted, the change agent can secure a commitment from the employees to re-freeze the new attitude. In my view, this can be achieved by exhibiting the organization’s commitment towards the plight of its employees by ensuring effective change management. Design By analysing the aforementioned application of theories, I am of the view that the process consultative leadership style and the unfreeze/reshape/refreeze change management model are compatible with the characteristics of the organizational development model which underscore the importance of (1) Leading/facilitating change; (2) Collaboration and involvement; (3) Humanistic Value Orientation and (4) Systems Approach (Cannon and McGee, 2008). Considering the alignment of the organizational change management strategy with the characteristics of organization development, it would be advisable to consider the organizational development methods for implementing the change. These methods are: â€Å"Sensitivity Training Training groups that seek to change behaviour through unstructured group interaction Survey Feedback Approach The use of questionnaires to identify discrepancies among member perceptions; discussion follows and remedies are suggested Process Consultation Team Building High interaction among team members to increase trust and openness Intergroup Development Organisational Development efforts to change the attitudes, stereotypes, and perceptions that groups have of each other Appreciative Inquiry Seeks to identify the unique qualities and special strengths of an organization, which can then be built on to improve performance† (Garrow, et al. 2009) Here, I suggest that an integrative strategy (comprising a mix of all these six organizational development methods) should be used to ensure that D2 is able to reach the desired level of organizational development wherein its key knowledge employees are retained and relocated to its Blois manufacturing site and that all its existing employees have a high level of commitment towards the organization. For instance D2 can develop training groups that can facilitate the smooth integration of employees transferred from Didcot facility to Blois within the organizational context as well as the social and cultural context. Survey feedback can be used from time to time to assess the success of change management and achievement of goals in terms of employees’ motivation, satisfaction and commitment. Appreciative inquiry can be used to build upon the existing strengths of the organization. Process consultancy which was already integrated in the change leadership style can be extended to further refreeze the attitude of employees. Destiny It can be critiqued that the organizational development methods for implementing change lack an emphasis upon the vital success factor of organizational change management strategy i.e. communication strategy. Although communication is imbedded in all of the six methods, I suggest that goal communication strategy should be explicitly prescribed for effective implementation of a change management and organizational development strategy. Barksdale and Lund (2002) propose a framework for the effective goal communication in organizational context. According to the authors, first, key messages should be determined. Second, the target audience should be identified. The target audience should be categorized as ‘employees, sponsors, managers and other stakeholders of an organisation’ (Barksdale and Lund, 2002). Each of these groups should be presented with different messages. Third, the management should identify ‘communication points and work out a communication timetable’ (Barksdale and Lund, 2002; Ackoff, 1970). Fourth, the top management should provide the essential resources to support the communication of the organisational development goals and change. This detailed and logical communication process can be aligned and worked with the leadership style, change management model, and organizational development methods to ensure an effective change management. References Ackoff, R. (1970) A Concept of Corporate Planning, Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY, pp. 4 Barksdale, S. and Lund, T. (2002) Rapid Strategic Planning, American Society for Training and Development, pp. 108-109 Burnes, B. (2000). Managing Change: A Strategic Approach to Organisational Dynamics. Third Edition. Prentice Hall. Cannon, J. A. And Mcgee, R. (2008) Organisational development and change. CIPD toolkit. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Champy, J. Nohria, N. 1996. Fast Forward: The Best Ideas on Managing Business Change. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Garrow V, Varney S, Lloyd C. (2009) Fish or BirdPerspectives on Organisational Development (OD), Research Report 463, Institute for Employment Studies. Available from http://www.employment-studies.co.uk/pdflibrary/wp22.pdf (cited on 10th May, 2013) Goleman, D, Boyatzis, R and McKee, A (2002) The New Leaders, Little Brown Hayes, J. (2010) The Theory And Practice Of Change Management. 3rd Ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Heffron F. (1968). Organization Theory And Public Organizations. New Jersey. Hughes, M. (2010) Managing change: a critical perspective. 2nd ed. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Kanter, R. M., Stein, B. A. Jick, T. D. (1992).The Challenge of Organizational Change.The Free Press. Kanter, R. M(1988) in Robert L Kuhn (1988)Handbook for Creative and Innovative Managers, McGraw Hill Kotter, J. (1995) ‘Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts Fail’ Harvard Business Review March-April Lewin, K. (1951) Field Theory in Social Science. Harper Paton, R.A. and McCalman, J. (2008) Change Management: A guide to effective Implementation, 3rd Edition, Sage Publishing. Schein, E. (1987) Process Consultation II, Addison-Wesley Witherspoon, P. D. Wohlert, K. L. (1996). An Approach to Developing CommunicationStrategies for Enhancing Organizational Diversity.The Journal of Business Communication, vol. 33, iss. 4, Oct. How to cite Organisational Change Management, Essay examples

Effectiveness Of A Role Playing Exercise -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Effectiveness Of A Role Playing Exercise? Answer: Introduction Human beings are social animals and they feel emotions like love, attraction, hate, and various others (Griffin, Passer, Myers, 2005). The human beings often question the nature of their identity as well as self and they often feel dissatisfied if they do not get satisfactory answers as regards to the nature of their identity and self (Griffin, Passer, Myers, 2005). Prejudice and discrimination is another common feature of the human race. The concept of prejudice is a very broad one and can be related to various aspects of the day-day life of the various individuals. It is to be noted that discrimination is a result of the prejudice, which people normally have as regards to the other people. Therefore, it can be said that discrimination as well as prejudice are the two sides of the same coin. Human beings by virtue of their existence in the society sometimes feel attraction towards other members of the society and therefore, the social bond of friendship often develops among them. The concept of friendship as well as love therefore, are the two sides of the same coin just like prejudice as well as discrimination are the two sides of the same coin. Reflection I would like to say that when I initially started doing my Learning Journal 1, I was not much sure as to how I should go about the assignment and whether the assignment completed by me would be as per quality standard requirements of our professor or not. However, the feedback, which I got from our professor after the submission of the learning journal at least made me sure that I was heading in the right direction. The previous assignments like the ones on Self and Identity, Prejudice and Discrimination, Attraction and Close Relationships gave me a lot of relevant information and help me understand our society in a much better manner. It also provided me with some insight into the various behavioral aspects of the people in our society and the reasons for the way people normally act and why they act in such a manner. Accounting, the exercises in my previous assignments have provided me with a better outlook of our present society and I would definitely like to use those concepts in my day-day life. The previous assignments made me realize that social psychology is an important aspect of every life and a proper understanding of the various factors related to the various process of psychology is essential for a proper as well as effective understanding of the present society. Therefore, I can say that previous assignments not only added to my intellectual understanding of our present but also to the psychological understanding of the same. Self and Identity Individuals, often tend to create an identity for themselves not for the purpose of their representation to the world not only in front of the world but also for themselves (Griffin, Passer, Myers, 2005). It is seen that people often choose certain things, which they like and which they do not and based on that they try to create an identity or a self for the purposes of representation (Myers, Twenge, 2017). However, it is often seen that the lines between the actual self and the self created by the individual for the purposes of representation often gets blurred and the two converge to become a single entity (Myers, Twenge, 2017). Self esteem is an important part of the entire concept of Self and identity. It provides the individuals with a ground or platform on which they can judge themselves (Jenkins, 2014). In other words, it can also be said to be the kind of opinion that each person holds not for others but for themselves (Jenkins, 2014). I find the concept of self esteem to be a very interesting as it allows each and every individual to hold some particular opinion about themselves or to form a basic idea about themselves about their capabilities, qualities, talents and various other attributes (Jenkins, 2014). It is interesting to note that these opinion of the individual can be negative as well as positive and they can either be similar to the opinion about them held by the other individuals or they can be radically different from them (Rosenberg, 1989). It is often seen that having a good self esteem of themselves is a good but it should not lead to narcissism which is often considered to be extreme form of positive self esteem (Rosenberg, 1989). Narcissism can lead to serious problems as was seen in the case of Adolf Hitler, who had too much of positive self esteem or more appropriately narcissism (Jenkins, 2014). An interesting point to note is that the present society is witnessing an increase in amount of narcissism, which people generally have for themselves (Lawson et al., 2010). It is a reflection of this that even around ourselves we find that the number of narcissist people have increased. A few days while I was walking backing back home from shopping I noticed a man trying to fix the chain of his bicycle in the incorrect manner. I noticed that and offered to help, but the person was so narcissist that he refused even to accept the little fact that he could not fix properly. The concept of self esteem is very much relevant to the present day world as well as society. It is to be noted that having a positive self esteem is a very good as it helps in boosting the confidence level of an individual and helps him or her to do things in a better manner. Negative self esteem often de-motivates individuals and does not allow them to perform as well as do things as per their normal standards or capabilities. Therefore, having the right kind of self esteem is very essential for effective performance. However, having too much of positive self esteem can even lead to negative effects as it leads to narcissism (Quenqua, 2013). It is often noticed that the people around ourselves because of various reasons like the technological advancements, better standards of life and various other factors have become narcissists and that is indirectly affecting the society. Prejudice and Discrimination Prejudice can be defined as an adverse opinion or judgement formed by an individual beforehand or without the prior knowledge of the actual or the proper facts. It is to be noted that the prejudice often leads to the various acts of discrimination which people from various diverse ethnic groups, different cultural backgrounds, skin color, caste and on other diverse aspects face from the others (Lawson et al., 2010). Racism can be defined as the injustice or the unethical as well as the immoral acts, which are committed by one set of people, who generally consider themselves to be superior to the other kinds of people to whom the various acts of injustices is committed. It is to be noted that the acts of racism are ethically as well as morally unjust and they have been declared illegal by the constitutions of the majority of the nations. Therefore, the prevention of such acts of racism is very important as they often entail acts of violence along with them. Racism is a social evil, which many the governments of various nations have already banned with a view to reduce this social evil (Nelson, Dunn Paradies, 2011). However, the active participation as well as the co-operation of the other members of the society is also important for reducing the amount of racism faced by the victims (Plous, 2000). One process by means of which the social evil of racism can be reduced is by-stander racism, which involves the process of active protests as well as actions against the acts of racism on the part of the surrounding people (Nelson, Dunn Paradies, 2011). This process can help to reduce the amount of racism that is being faced by thousands of people from all over the world (Nelson, Dunn Paradies, 2011). It is interesting to note that recently there was an incidence of racism in Australia, where some Asian tourists had to face discrimination in a moving bus (Elder, 2015). The process of effective bystander racism could have helped the Asian to urists. This particular topic is important to the present world as well as the society in which I live in, as even in the present age it is seen that many people still believe in the concept of racism. The result of this is the fact that the various innocent people had to face the cruel effects of racism and the violence, which is closely associated with the process. Therefore, a reduction in amount of racism, which is being faced by the innocent individuals is of paramount importance. It must be noted that the government alone is not responsible for the control of the racism faced by the innocent people, the people also should take some responsibility for the control of the process by taking active part in the process of bystander racism. Attraction and Close Relationships Human beings are social animals and therefore they need to form effective social bonds for the process of surviving in the social environment of the society. It is here that the concepts of love, friendship, relationships and various other entities become very important. Many people consider friendship to be one of very basic needs of an individual and an essential necessity for the proper emotional growth as well as development of the individual. Similarly, love is another basic emotional requirement of the various individuals in the society (Sternberg, 2017). In this particular section, I would like to discuss the sub-topic What leads to friendship and attraction?. This sub-topic provides many answers to the common questions that rises in the mind of many individuals regarding the various aspects of friendship and attraction. This sub-topic mentions four essential features that are the primary requirements of the process of friendship. They are- proximity, mere exposure, similarity and interaction This section deals with the various features related to the process of love and then business on the various aspects of love, in particular love over the internet (Finkel et al., 2012). In the present age, online love is one of the most common aspects of our day-day life and there are more people who consider the process of finding love over the various internet sources to be much better than finding love through the normal and traditional way (Sternberg, 2017). This sub-topic is particularly relevant to our present our society as both the concepts of friendship as well as attraction are one of the very basic emotional requirements of the individuals living in the society. These concepts are very important for the overall growth as well as the development of the emotional as well as the mental capabilities of the individuals. The present world is a world, which is full of various human as well as environmental conflicts and only friendship as well as love possesses the adequate amount of power to resolve the various conflicts faced by the individuals as well as the society at large. Therefore, in this context the concept of love as well as friendship becomes very important as they not only help in the emotional as well as mental growth of the individuals but they also help in upholding the peace of the world. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it becomes clear that the human beings along with the food as well as the physical requirements which they have, they also require the active support, love, friendship, respects and various other attributes from the other members of the society for the effective growth as well as the development of emotional and intellectual faculties. It is to be noted that psychology plays an important role in the overall growth as well as the development of the individual and if any one of the psychological conditions necessary for the overall growth as well as the development of the individual is removed then the individual would not be able to attain the maximum amount of emotional and intellectual growth. References Elder, J. (2015). United Patriots Front and No Room for Racism clash in central Melbourne. The Age: Victoria. Retrieved from https://www.theage.com.au/victoria/united-patriots-front-and-no-room-for-racism-clash-in-central-melbourne-20151128-glaebb.html Finkel, E., Eastwick, P., Karney, B., Reis, H., Sprecher, S. (2012). Online Dating.management Science In The Public Interest,13(1), 3-66. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1529100612436522 Griffin, T., Passer, M., Myers, D.(2005).The individual in society. USA:Pearson. Jenkins, R. (2014).Social identity. Routledge. Lawson, T. J., McDonough, T. A., Bodle, J. H. (2010). Confronting prejudiced comments: Effectiveness of a role-playing exercise. Teaching of Psychology, 37(4)257-261. Myers, D., Twenge, J. (2017).Social psychology. NY: McGraw-Hill. Nelson, J. K., Dunn, K. M. Paradies, Y. (2011). Bystander anti-racism: A review of the literature. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 11(1), 263-284. doi:10.1111/j.1530-2415.2011.01274.x Plous, S. (2000). Responding to overt displays of prejudice: A role-playing exercise. Teaching Psychology, 27, (3),198 200. Quenqua, D. (2013). Seeing narcissists everywhere. The New York Times: Science. Retrieved fromhttps://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/06/science-narcissists everywhere.html?pagewanted=all_r=1 Rosenberg, M. (1989). Society and the Adolescent Self-Image (Rev. ed.). Hanover, NH: University Press of New England. Sternberg, R. (2017).Love.Robert J. Sternberg. Retrieved 20 January 2018, from https://www.robertjsternberg.com/love/.

Southwest Financial free essay sample

After analyzing the different ratios, it would conclude that Southwest is doing very well. Liquidity Ratios: Liquidity ratios use the ratio to determine a companys ability to pay Off its short-term debt obligations. This ratios express the companys capabilities of repaying the short-term responsibilities using the current assets. The ratios re used by lenders, creditors among other stakeholders to show the financial muscle of the company to clarify its liquidity. The ratios are; current ratio and quick ratio, which are significant in tallying liquidity and cash flow.The current ratio is current assets divided by current liabilities with the positive number( answer) showing the number of times the current assets can cover the current liabilities while a negative confirms the same. The quick ratio is derived by deducting the inventory figure from the current assets then dividing the answer with the current liabilities. This further elaborates the rims position in paying its short-term liabilities without considering inventory, which has not been sold to create cash flow. We will write a custom essay sample on Southwest Financial or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Generally, the higher the value of the ratio, the larger the margin of safety that the company possesses to cover the short-term debt. As you can see from the chart below, Southwest Airlines is very strong financially and has a lot of liquid assets/cash available to pay short-term debt if the need arose. Liquidity Ratios 12/31/2013 Net Current Assets % TA -7. 52 -631 -227 -l . 04 Market -value Indicator: These are a sequence of diverse indicators that are used by analyst, investors, and other stakeholders to understand the trends of a particular stock.The most commonly used ratio under the market value indicators is the price-earnings ratio, derived by dividing the price per share with the earning per share in a specific period. The price to earnings ratio (PEE Ratio) is the measure of the share price relative to the annual net income earned by the firm per share. PEE ratio shows current investor demand for a company share, with the example below showing the trend in the past five years. DuPont Analysis: The industry benchmark compares the aggregate of firms in the same industry. The chart below is how Southwest Airlines is compared to their competitor Delta Airlines.

Free Essays on A Martian Sends A Postcard Home Explication

"A Martian Sends a Postcard Home" Caxtons are mechanical birds with many wings and some are treasured for their markings – They cause the eyes to melt or the body to shriek without pain. I have never seen one fly, but sometimes they perch on the hand. Mist is when the sky is tired of flight and rests its soft machine on ground: Then the world is dim and bookish like engravings under tissue paper. Rain is when the earth is televison. It has the property of making colours darker. Model T is a room with the lock inside - a key is turned to free the world for movement, so quick there is a film to watch for anything missed. But time is tied to the wrist or kept in a box, ticking with impatience. In homes, a haunted apparatus sleeps, that snores when you pick it up. If the ghost cries, they carry it to their lips and soothe it to sleep with sounds. And yet they wake it up deliberately, by tickling with a finger. Only the young are allowed to suffer openly. Adults go to a punishment room with water but nothing to eat. They lock the door and suffer the noises alone. No one is exempt and everyone's pain has a different smell. At night when all the colours die, they hide in pairs and read about themselves in colour, with their eyelids shut. Craig Raine Craig Raine Born in 1945 in County Durham located North of England. He graduated from Oxford, and afterwards, he was appointed as lecturer there. Much of his work is designed to help the reader to see the world from a fresh point of view. His poetry is flamboyant, self conscious, and witty. Summary "A Martian Sends a Postcard Home" is a poem with seven ten stanzas. All of the stanzas have two lines identified, as a couplet even though the poem does not have a regular correspondence of sounds recognized as ryhme. The reading of poem is tricky at first; I had the impression that the title was literally me... Free Essays on A Martian Sends A Postcard Home Explication Free Essays on A Martian Sends A Postcard Home Explication "A Martian Sends a Postcard Home" Caxtons are mechanical birds with many wings and some are treasured for their markings – They cause the eyes to melt or the body to shriek without pain. I have never seen one fly, but sometimes they perch on the hand. Mist is when the sky is tired of flight and rests its soft machine on ground: Then the world is dim and bookish like engravings under tissue paper. Rain is when the earth is televison. It has the property of making colours darker. Model T is a room with the lock inside - a key is turned to free the world for movement, so quick there is a film to watch for anything missed. But time is tied to the wrist or kept in a box, ticking with impatience. In homes, a haunted apparatus sleeps, that snores when you pick it up. If the ghost cries, they carry it to their lips and soothe it to sleep with sounds. And yet they wake it up deliberately, by tickling with a finger. Only the young are allowed to suffer openly. Adults go to a punishment room with water but nothing to eat. They lock the door and suffer the noises alone. No one is exempt and everyone's pain has a different smell. At night when all the colours die, they hide in pairs and read about themselves in colour, with their eyelids shut. Craig Raine Craig Raine Born in 1945 in County Durham located North of England. He graduated from Oxford, and afterwards, he was appointed as lecturer there. Much of his work is designed to help the reader to see the world from a fresh point of view. His poetry is flamboyant, self conscious, and witty. Summary "A Martian Sends a Postcard Home" is a poem with seven ten stanzas. All of the stanzas have two lines identified, as a couplet even though the poem does not have a regular correspondence of sounds recognized as ryhme. The reading of poem is tricky at first; I had the impression that the title was literally me... Free Essays on A Martian Sends A Postcard Home Explication "A Martian Sends a Postcard Home" Caxtons are mechanical birds with many wings and some are treasured for their markings – They cause the eyes to melt or the body to shriek without pain. I have never seen one fly, but sometimes they perch on the hand. Mist is when the sky is tired of flight and rests its soft machine on ground: Then the world is dim and bookish like engravings under tissue paper. Rain is when the earth is televison. It has the property of making colours darker. Model T is a room with the lock inside - a key is turned to free the world for movement, so quick there is a film to watch for anything missed. But time is tied to the wrist or kept in a box, ticking with impatience. In homes, a haunted apparatus sleeps, that snores when you pick it up. If the ghost cries, they carry it to their lips and soothe it to sleep with sounds. And yet they wake it up deliberately, by tickling with a finger. Only the young are allowed to suffer openly. Adults go to a punishment room with water but nothing to eat. They lock the door and suffer the noises alone. No one is exempt and everyone's pain has a different smell. At night when all the colours die, they hide in pairs and read about themselves in colour, with their eyelids shut. Craig Raine Craig Raine Born in 1945 in County Durham located North of England. He graduated from Oxford, and afterwards, he was appointed as lecturer there. Much of his work is designed to help the reader to see the world from a fresh point of view. His poetry is flamboyant, self conscious, and witty. Summary "A Martian Sends a Postcard Home" is a poem with seven ten stanzas. All of the stanzas have two lines identified, as a couplet even though the poem does not have a regular correspondence of sounds recognized as ryhme. The reading of poem is tricky at first; I had the impression that the title was literally me...

Investment analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Investment analysis - Essay Example Hedge Fund is an investment partnership of limited wealthy investors or institutions. The minimum investment requirement for entering a hedge fund is much higher than many other investment options. It is also a highly illiquid investment as the fund stays invested at least for a period of one year. Hedge fund is as similar as a mutual fund but differs in quantum of its investments and number of its participants. It is also less regulated than a mutual fund. Hedge funds are managed by a team of experts headed by portfolio managers. Most of the investors will have a say in the management of the fund. This essay will give a brief idea about the strategies adopted by hedge funds for managing funds and the implication of its operations in the overall financial sector. Hedge funds and its mode of operation Hedge funds operate in various methods to handle investment risk. There are several strategies being adopted by Hedge Funds to minimise the investment risk. Some of the most important st rategies are Long/Short Equity, Global Macro, Event Driven, Emerging markets, Equity Market-Neutral, Convertible Arbitrage, Fixed-Income Arbitrage, Short Sellers and Managed Futures. These strategies will be dealt in detail further. Long/short equity: As the name implies this strategy involves taking both long and short positions on stocks. The core concept of this strategy is to go short on overvalued stock and long on undervalued stocks. This strategy is adopted to make profit irrespective of whether the market rise or fall. It is used by hedge fund managers to make profit on both sides. The undervalued stock will increase in value to make profits while at the same time the value of overvalued stock will come down thus making profit on its short positions. â€Å"Thus, the goal of any equity long-short strategy is to minimise exposure to the market in general, and profit from a change in the difference, or spread, between two stocks.† (Barclay Hedge, 2011) Global Macro: Glob al Macro is a more sustainable investment strategy in the sense that it is based on top down analysis or the fundamentals. As the name signifies, this strategy considers the macro economic variables. Company specific investments are also based on factors like management quality, market share, company profits, market competition, financial position, and the like. This strategy also invests in all kinds of investment options like equities, commodities, currencies, etc. Hedge fund managers also hedge such portfolio with the use of necessary derivatives and other instruments. This has been proved to be one of the most successful strategies adopted by Hedge Funds. Event Driven: â€Å"An event-driven investment manager is typically looking to invest in situations where there is some form of corporate activity or catalytic change taking place.† (Leary, 2004) The events include mergers and acquisitions, bankruptcy, asset sales, or any other restructuring pertaining to a particular co mpany. Hedge fund managers predict the movement of the share price based on the nature of the event related to the company. For example a possibility

Therapeutic management of stroke to prevent secondary events in Literature review

Therapeutic management of stroke to prevent secondary events in patients who have experienced an ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) - Literature review Example ever posited that duration of manifestation of symptoms is a major issue in ITA as in ITA, the symptoms are only kindly to be the same as what is seen in stroke in the first 24 hours or less. Writing specifically on the pathophysiology of ITA and its clinical manifestation, Iadecola and Gorelick (2012) stressed that the primary pathophysiology of the disease is the underlying heart or blood vessel disease, which manifests in several forms, including atherosclerotic vascular disease. Atherosclerotic vascular diseases have been associated with ischaemic stroke and actually considered a major cause of ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (ITA) (Rothwell, 2011). This is because the onset of atherosclerotic vascular diseases has actually been linked with the occurrence of occlusive lesions which take place in major intracranial and extracranial arteries. Meanwhile, any form of inhabitation of supply of blood to the heart could be associated with possible breakdown in the active functioning of the brain (Adams et al., 2008). Rashid, Leonardi-Bee and Bath (2013) noted that with the onset of atherosclerotic vascular disease which is the primary pathophysiology of both stroke and ITA, the damage to lesions resulting from occlusive lesions bring about further secondary manifestations, necessary for diagnosis. As this occlusive lesions, which is a form of severely stenotic lesions occur at the major intracranial and extracranial arteries, they lead to the narrowing of small penetrating arteries of the brain and thus the cause or onset of secondary events in patients with TIA (Fayad, 2006). In relation to the current research problem, Bornstein, Silvestrelli, Caso and Parnetti (2012) found that where there pathophysiology and clinical manifestation shows clear possibility of ITA, it is very important that immediate management steps are taken to avert further secondary events, leading to stroke. This is because there is only a thin line from the transition point from

Ethics, 2 questions assigned each answer is 3 pages about the book Essay

Ethics, 2 questions assigned each answer is 3 pages about the book Ishmael by Daniel Quinn - Essay Example hat his or her cultural perspective is indifferent towards saving the world because perhaps he or she does not see any problem with the world as it currently is. Quinn uses a pantheists approach by using a gorilla, who is non-human to effectively criticize human civilization without the risk of looking or sounding hypocritical. Ishmael is endowed with abilities that are uncommon in non-human beings, these include attributes such as intelligence, ability to communicate through speech and understand human being’s speech patterns in communication. In addition, Ishmael has a profound understanding of the imperfections of human beings, his or her existing culture and solutions to these problems. The gorilla’s cultural identity as a captive to human beings provides him a distinctive perspective to the human condition of captivity. According to Ishmael, human beings are as much captives of their own civilization as gorillas are to the same human beings. This is because contemporary human beings’ cultural mindset coerces them to destroy the world they live in in order to sustain a comfortable life by their standards. Ishmael pokes fun into human beings for their destruction of the very environment that they depend on; Ishmael’s captivity enhances his ability to portray human beings as captives to their own way of survival (Ishmael, p. 15-17). The aggravation that gorillas experience through human beings’ destruction of the natural world, results in rapid loss of gorilla’s natural habitat. Ishmael’s advertisement in the newspaper sought students willing to embrace change in their cultural mindset to one that is ready to embrace new environmental laws which will protect the environment and by extension gorillas’ natural habitat. He seeks people who recognize that recycling such as newspaper recycling is paramount to solve the problem of environmental degradation. In his dialogue with the protagonist, Ishmael brings out human beings’ apathy towards issues

The Issue Of Bilingualism With Psycholinguists

The Issue Of Bilingualism With Psycholinguists Bilingualism is a controversial issue that psycholinguists vary in the way they define it due to its multidimensional aspects. It should be carefully viewed with great consideration to certain variables appearing in the coming definitions. Auer (1995), states that bilingualism can be referred to the linguistic competences in more than one language. This bilingual competence can be accessible via the analysis of well-formed sentences involving two languages which may be treated as a window on the bilingual mind (Auer, 1995, p.115). Clearly, psycholinguists deem bilingualism as hidden competence in bilinguals minds, and it can be revealed as bilinguals produce utterances. Conversely, Saunders (1988) declares that bilingualism has different associations in peoples minds. Some people assume that bilingualism is native-like control of two languages which is later on called true bilingualism (p,7). However, bilinguals who have no native speakers competence in both languages reject this def inition utterly. Some linguists stress that this definition is restrictively limited to bilingual individuals who master their two languages completely. Dual monolingual is also a term used to refer to bilinguals mastering two languages as if they were native speaker monolinguals in both languages. However, Saunder (1988) argues that many bilinguals comprehend a foreign language without being able to speak it fluently. Therefore, linguists define bilingualism as the ability to speak two languages at any level of competency. After all these various arguments regarding bilingualisms nature, it is clear that bilingual individuals have different degrees of competence in the second language. Saunder (1988). Colin Baker Sylvia Prys Jones (1998). Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education. UK: Multilingual Matters Ltd. (in the library). *Definition of bilingualism: According to Baker Jones (1998), when asked about bilingualism, most people believe that they know the answers of the following questions, what is bilingualism? How can a bilingual be defined? They would say that a bilingual person is the one who speaks two languages. However, defining bilingualism and bilinguals is more difficult than what the people think. Bilingualism involves a number of dimensions. There are five main issues that show the difficulty to define bilingualism very concisely. Also, they show that there might be degrees of bilingualism which vary in the same person over time. There is distinction between ability in language and use of language. They are two separate things. For example, a bilingual person has the ability to speak two languages very fluently, but he or she uses and practices only one of the two languages regardless whether it is the native language or the second language. Another bilingual person has the ability to speak two languages but he or she has some problems in speaking one of the two languages regardless whether it is the native language or the second language, but this person uses and practices both languages regularly. This distinction can be referred to the degree of difference between proficiency or competence of language (ability) and function of that language (use). Proficiency may vary in a language. For example, the abilities of a bilingual person will vary in using a language among the four skills of that language (speaking, listening, reading, and writing), where that person might be very good in speaking A language but when it comes to writing, the person will use B language to write or read, because his or her ability of writing in A language is weak or low. Another bilingual person might have good abilities (proficiency) in speaking and writing of a language, but he or she cannot use and practice (speak or write) that language, so he or she tends to use another language. This is called receptive competence. Few bilingual people are equally proficient in both languages, but one language tends to be stronger and better developed than the other language. It is called the dominant language and it is not necessarily to be the first or native language. Few bilinguals possess the same competence as monolinguals in either of their languages. This is because bilinguals use their languages for different functions and purposes. A bilinguals competence in a language may vary over time and according to changing circumstances. For example, a child starts to learn a minor language at home or in the childhood. As time goes, he or she learns another language in the school or community and he or she will gradually will lose the minor language, because it is out of use and that person became away from the childhood; the situation where the minor language is used. Leonard Bloomfield (1933). Language. UK: GEORGE ALLEN UNWIN LTD. In the extreme case of foreign language learning, the speaker becomes so proficient as to be indistinguishable from the native speakers round him. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦In this case where this perfect foreign language learning is not accompanied by loss of the native language, it results in bilingualism, (the) native-like control of two languages. (P. 55-56). Romaine, S (1995). Bilingualism (2nd ed.). UK: Blackwell Publishers. Proficiency and function are the factors which are related to the terms of categories, scales and dichotomies in defining and describing bilingualism. In one side of the issue of the definition of bilingualism, there would be a definition like Bloomfields definition (1933 p, 55-56) In the extreme case of foreign language learning, the speaker becomes so proficient as to be indistinguishable from the native speakers round him. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦In this case where this perfect foreign language learning is not accompanied by loss of the native language, it results in bilingualism, (the) native-like control of two languages. This definition identifies native like control of two languages as being the norm for bilingualism. In the other side, Haugen (1953 p, 7) shows that when a person of any language can produce complete meaningful sentences in another language, he or she would be a bilingual. According to Mackey (1967 p, 555), there are four aspects should be taken into account when defining and describing bilingualism. They are overlapped to each other and cannot be treated separately. These aspects are degree, function, alteration, and interference. The degree of bilingualism indicates the proficiency and competence of language, which is the extent to which the bilingual knows each of the languages. The part of function focuses on the use and practice a bilingual has for the languages. How much each language is used and practiced by the bilingual? Alteration concentrates on the extent to which the bilingual switches between the languages (code switching). And interference is the degree to which a bilingual manages to keep the two languages separate or fused. The four questions are overlapped to each other and they cannot be treated separately. For example, a bilinguals knowledge of a language will to some extent specify the functions to which it is put; and the vice ver sa. The contexts in which bilinguals have the opportunity to use language will affect their competence in it. Josiane, F. Hamers Michel H. Blanc. (2000). Bilinguality and Bilingualism (2nd edition). UK: Cambridge University Press. Hamers Blanc (2000) mention a number of definitions of bilingualism, but they are not satisfied with any one of them because they are one sided as they assume. Moreover, they highlight unidimensionality as being one weakness of bilingualism because when defining it, only one dimension would be taken account, ignoring other sides of bilingualism. For example, a definition of bilingualism may concerns competence, without the other significant dimensions. ( p, 3 23). Hoffmann (1991) mentions the same previous point in the way that the most remarkable and significant feature of bilingualism is the multi-faceted phenomenon of it which is expected to be the point of difficulty when defining bilingualism from one dimension. At first sight, the concept of bilingualism seems to be non-problematical and easy to be defined. However, when moving deep down on the many variant definitions of bilingualism, one can recognise how difficult it is to define a bilingual. According to Websters dictionary (1961), bilingual is defined as having or using two languages especially as spoken with the fluency characteristic of a native speaker; a person using two languages especially habitually and with control like that of a native speaker and bilingualism as the constant oral use of two languages. Many people view bilingualism as the ability of speaking two languages perfectly; like native speakers. This approach comes in one side of bilingualism and it is related to Leonard Bloomfield (1953: 56) who defines bilingualism as the native like control of two languages which concentrates on the dimension of proficiency in language. In contrast, on the other most different side there is a definition of Macnamara (1967a) who defines a bilingual as an individual who acquire a minimal competence in only one of the four skills in a language other than the mother tongue. Between these most two distinctive definitions, there is a collection of other definitions of bilingualism, for example, Titone (1972) defines bilingualism as the individuals capacity to speak a second language while following the concepts and structures of that language rather than paraphrasing his or her mother tongue. The previous three distinctive definitions show the degree of difficulty in providing a concise definition of a bilingual and bilingualism, because those three definitions themselves lack specifity and clarity in the main points on them like native-like competence, minimal proficiency in a second language, and following the concept of structures of the second language. (p, 6-7). Hoffmann, C. (1991). An Introduction to Bilingualism. UK: Longman. An oft-quoted definition is found in one of the early books on modern linguistics, Leonard Bloomfields Language, first published in the USA in 1933. Bloomfield pays special attention to users who become so proficient in the new language that they cannot be distinguished from the native speakers and he considers these users are bilinguals. He relates bilingualism to those individuals who speak a second language with high native level of proficiency. According to Hoffmann (1991), Bloomfield has a clear notion of bilingualism, but there is some contradiction on his definition of bilingualism. For example, if a degree of perfection cannot be defined in bilingualism, so how could Bloomfield talk of perfect foreign language learning? Bloomfield To be removed Opposite of Bloomfield General To begin with

Conflict in The Child By Tiger Essay examples -- Child Tiger Conflict

Conflict in "The Child By Tiger" â€Å"The Child by Tiger† is narrated by a man who is remembering an event from his childhood. The story centers on Dick Prosser, who is a black hired hand for Mr. Shepperton. Dick is involved in several levels of conflict throughout the story.* These include intrapersonal conflicts, a conflict with society, and conflict with his environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first conflict is very important in the scheme of the story, because it provides the necessary conditions for this kind of an event to take place. This is Dick's conflict with his environment. Although he is a free man, and seems to be very tolerant, Dick lives in a time and place where most people are less than friendly to black men, and do not see him as an equal. This becomes evident when the auto collision occurs, and the drunk man proceeds to assault Dick without cause, and without fear of retaliation. This is because he knows that a black man is powerless in the society of the time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Society brings us to the second conflict, which is Prosser's conflict with society. One night, without warning, he begins a killing spree which spans the better part of a day, and spawns a fatal manhunt. His conflict with the society in general is characterized by his indiscriminate choice of victims. These victims range from a police officer to an innocent black man looking out his window, to several citizens who try to put an end to his madness. This conflict is stopped when the mob...

Case Study: Alcoa’s Core Values Essay

Ethics is based on a set of moral and ethical values. These values must be absolute – that is, you must take them seriously enough to override any human rationalization, weakness, ego, or personal faults. Alcoa’s ethical work climate is diverse, encourages open communication and learning, and community outreach. Alcoa’s core values are held to a high standard. Standing by these values: Integrity; Environment, Health, and Safety; Customer; Accountability; Excellence; People; and Profitability helps improve the moral of the company, employees, and consumers. By setting these as core values, Alcoa has made a commitment to improving quality of life among employees and community. Alcoa’s company used the ethical criterion of principles. Personal morality, company rules and procedures, and laws and professional codes were a higher priority to Mr. O’Neill. Regardless of the fact that the Mexico manager increase profits and had high marks of quality and satisfaction, Mr. O’Neill took the interest of the company’s value of safety and compliance. Alcoa made sure that employee’s and management had plenty of education and resources that there should have been no room for misunderstand or this kind of misconduct. â€Å"The emphasis on safety had deep meaning to Alcoa’s management team. The company’s management firmly believed that no employees should be forced to work in an environment where their safety and the safety of other employees might be jeopardized. Alcoa’s management supported the ethical principle that no employees should leave work in a worse condition than when they arrived (Lawrence & Weber, 2011). When going down to investigate the allegations himself, showed a great leader that has morals and beliefs that go hand and hand with the core values and ethics of the company. With such serious allegations, it was imperative for management to see what was going on first hand and take action. By sending an open letter to the entire company, Mr. O’Neill showed that there is no room for misperceptions of the core values set, showing that anything less is unrespectable and will not be tolerated.

Report for StGeorges School computer system Essays

Report for StGeorges School computer system Essays Report for StGeorges School computer system Essay Report for StGeorges School computer system Essay I chose to research into a local primary school (St Georges) which is located in Littleover, the first task that undertook into researching the systems in place at the school was to gain their permission and to send them a questionnaire to fill which was done by the school secretary and sent back to me. I then setup an interview with the head teacher of the school which would provide me with greater information on the school and how it operates and if they have any IT infrastructure in place already.The investigation was carried out via two different ways which were by a paper based questionnaire and a interview with the head teacher of the school Mr. J F Honey. From the feedback obtained through the questionnaire and interview I was able to complete a presentation on the organisation. The schools budget for a totally new system or for upgrading their current system is i? 15,000 2 THE CURRENT SYSTEM St Georges primary school has many business needs and requirements I have listed them below in bullet point form and then will analyse the schools needs and then research into suitable combinations.The school have had a system in place for just under a year now and have only just had internet installed on their network. The network is used for several business functions which I have listed in the business needs section. However I will now expand on what they use the computer system for and what they still do manually which could easily be implemented on a computerised system Information or data stored by St Georges school are: Pupil data for example their name, age, address, religion, D. O. B, Employee Data for example this could include all employee information about the staff ie. Their name, address, NI number, rate of pay, tax etc.Accounts, Finance, Human Resources this would include all data to do with the schools budget and accounts and also information on human resources. Student Reports There is no current online system for filling out students reports as they are all done manually by their class teachers the reason why they havent yet computerised this part of the businesses functions is because they dont have the available funds for purchasing computer software to allow them write reports nor do they have many pupils to write reports for, compared to a secondary school where they have 2500 pupils so the school has been happy with manually writing reports.Letters Any letters sent from the school are word processed on the computer system and they are printed onto a letterhead that the school has printed for them from a local printing firm, one solution that I wou ld suggest to improve this would be to get the school to print their own letterheads saving money which could be better spent. However if the letter is to a parent of the school the name of the child it is concerning is written on manually.School News Letter The schools newsletter is published every month and given to every pupil in the school however some pupils may have brothers and sisters in the school as well would it be more efficient and save money if only one was given to one family? As the school has many young pupils they may loose them or leave them on the bus or even drop them on the playground. Attendance RegisterThe school uses both electronic and paper based registers to analyse and report on attendance this seems to be a waist of resources to the school and a waste of time for the secretary as the teaching staff will mark the register on paper and then the schools secretary enters this data into a database. Perhaps this could be changed so that the school can comput erise all there attendance data which could save time so that the administrative staff can work on something more important. OutputsWhen all of the information is stored or processed the output can be in a form of an email, letter, phone call, report, memo, fax or student assessment report. Problems with current system Problems associated with the schools current IT infrastructure are that it frequently crashes hence why the school wants a quick upgrade or implementation of a new system. There are also many other problems with the current system which I have listed below with a description on why this is a problem to the users or for the system in generalThe school has to be able to process information that it receives in the forms that have been identified in the report and fairly fast. They process the information that is collected in the form of phone, letter, email, invoices, etc. They also need to process this information some by entering information into their current system i n the way of word processing or working out costs in a spreadsheet package. Output Needs Output needs of the organisation are that they need to output relevant information to paper, or to email, memo etc.The organisations major output need is information being printed on paper and distributing this to either employees internally or externally to parents, the public requiring information about the school, or to the pupils themselves via test results or equivalent. Storage Needs The organisation also has storage needs by this the school has keep copies of all its financial, administration, educational documentation in a manual filing system, this could be implemented onto hard disk which would take up less space and provide more efficiency on more complex tasks the organisation needs to carry out.However this data would have to be backed up encase of any problems that may cause the data to be lost. At present the school keeps all their paperwork in a conventional filing cabinets which takes up a lot of room in there only one office and are looking for ways to reduce this problem. Communication Needs The organisation still communicates with pupils, parents and their members of staff via any of the following methods. Telephone, verbally and Memos.However parents and some teaching staff have expressed an interest in communicating more efficiently by via Email and the mobile telephone SMS this would be used for monitoring attendance levels at the school 4 POTENTIAL SOLUTION USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY I will now identify and list potential solutions using software and hardware in information technology. I would suggest to the school that they would invest in the following software for the reasons listedSoftware (Package Name, Purpose, Cost) Reason for purchase Sage Payroll, Computerise Human Resources information along with Payroll for all employees working in the organisation as no current system is in place within the organisation Office 2003 Suite Offers all the software applications that the users will need to operate the system will also be used by administration for spreadsheets and databasesWindows XP Pro, to be installed/used on each machine on the network allows the users to perform various tasks, Dependent upon a Volume License is purchased from a Microsoft dealer. With a volume license agreement from Microsoft the school can install the latest Operating system without having individual license for each machine this could also include a server license. From analysing the system in place at the school Im going to recommend the following hardware devices in order for the system to work cooperatively with each other among the network.

Silent Spring by Rachel Carson

Silent Spring by Rachel Carson Books’ Argument Life and humans’ ecosystem depend on the environment entirely. The book of Rachel Carson, which is titled as â€Å"Silent Spring†, has shed light on what environmental conservation entails. This book describes the threats faced by the environment due to human activities. It is interested in environmental conservation and the threats of its degradation to nature where it elaborates the details concerning environmental conditions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Silent Spring† by Rachel Carson specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In perspective, the author inspects the areas of the environment that have been affected adversely which include the earth’s water sources and atmosphere among others. In this light, she argues that the human race has to pay because of misusing the environment and encourages humanity to conserve it properly. Furthermore, she identifies and c riticizes the strategies that are applied without considering the environmental conservation and protection. In this regard, she describes the effects of using DDT when showing how people have neglected other creatures in the ecosystem. This book has assessed most aspects including the positive and the vast negative impacts of human activities on the environment. The explicit details of societal participation in environmental pollution have pointed out clearly about the effects of human activities and their impacts on the surrounding. She argues that the environment depends entirely on the activities of human beings. Rachel establishes the impacts of man’s socio-economic activities on the environment and the society. Social Factors Several social factors have been outlined in the book as the possible causes of environmental degradation. These factors include overcrowding that arises in the refugee camps. The strategies initiated to save refugees’ lives have resulted to pollution of rivers and other water sources. For instance, the government launches plans to boost food production through irrigation projects which use pesticides. Unfortunately, these actions have led to adverse reactions including the pollution of rivers among others. In this light, a refugee manager attributed the death of birds to pesticide accumulation in the rivers due to the agricultural practices (Rachel, 45). These depict how the human population causes environmental degradation. In malaria prevalent areas, the pesticides used to control mosquitoes have led to a decline in the insects’ population due to the use of DDT. Moreover, Carson also identifies poverty as a major player in the degradation of the environment. The insect disease vectors that carry malaria are very common in places with poor sanitation which arise due to poor social setup and economic imbalances.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get you r first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Impacts of Degradation Several impacts of degradation have been identified in the societies and the environment. The pollution of the environment by the pesticides drained into rivers has led to the loss of biodiversity owing to the fact that birds inhabiting the rivers are reported dead. The other result of degradation is the reduced aesthetic value of the environment. The author has brought up a clear incident on how trees are drying due to the use of pesticides. In areas prone to environmental degradation, reduced fecundity, malnutrition, and pandemic diseases have resulted to a negative change of the human population. There are diseases that reduce human lifespan and cause many deaths. The incident elaborated by Carson about two boys who died in Florida is a clear illustration on how death arises from the wastes that people dispose carelessly in the environment (Rachel, 28). Therefore, â€Å"Silent Spring† is the liter ature that most environmental scientists appreciate as it evaluates most issues concerning; the social causes of environmental degradation, its impacts in the societies, and its effects on the environment as a whole. Carson, Rachel. Silent Spring. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002. Print.

Migration, Immigration and Their Effects on Religion, Women And Essay

Migration, Immigration and Their Effects on Religion, Women And Minorities in Germany - Essay Example A country like the United States is considered to be a â€Å"melting pot† of different cultures and ethnic minorities. The same can also be said with the European Union with its free movement of labor. Higher wages attract workers, especially women to migrate with the idea of having a better and improved welfare. This paper aims to examine the effects of migration on women, religion and ethnic minorities. In this case, Germany shall be examined due to its immigration and refugee policy. It is also considered to have the largest foreign population in Europe. In fact, Germany’s foreign population has already exceeded seven million people for each of the last 10 years, not counting those migrants who have acquired German citizenship (Oezcan, 2004). Clearly, these factors pose challenges to the Germany and the European Union. Migration in Germany In European history, Germany was identified to have a long history of absorbing migrants from Europe: Lutherans from Austria, Huguenots from France, Jews from East and Central Europe. However, this openness through the years sparked debates and inquiries. Nationalists espoused a particularist approach to such issues which stressed on blood rather than territory or birth right. Those that migrated to Germany were never identified to be Germans. Such an approach was very much seen in Hitler's regime wherein Jews were considered to be a lesser race compared to full-blooded Germans. The particularist approach in Germany history was subdued by the need for economic recovery especially after World War II and German Unification. By the end of the late 1980s, foreigners were increasingly being blamed for taking jobs, housing and public services away from German citizens (Hollifield, 1997:48). There was a need to rebuild Germany after the damages it suffered after the war. With a relatively low population and workforce, it needed foreigners to work and rebuild infrastructures. Nonetheless, this was not seen by German citizens who were easily displaced and unable to receive benefits from the state. The Effects on Women, Religion and Ethnic Minorities In 2000, a new citizenship law came into force, the first such measure in nearly 90 years. For the very first time, children born to foreigners in Germany automatically receive German citizenship, provided one parent has been a legal resident for at least eight years (Oezcan, 2004). The demography and ethnic makeup of Germany has clearly become diversified. Data in 2000 shows that 41,300 children born of parents with non-Germany citizenship became German by birth; in 2001 the figure was 38,600. Without the new rule, these children would have appeared among the statistics on the foreign population and therefore would have increased the number of foreigners by about 80,000. With the continuous entry of temporary workers, refugees, asylum seekers from countries such as Poland, Russia, Czech Republic and Turkey, the society of Germany is bound to be characterized by diversity and dynamicity. For instance, the inflow of different culture greatly affects religion. If one would examine the history of Germany, it has been the refuge for exiled religious groups. Previously it was a Catholic country but with the rise of Protestantism and its variants, the German princes changed their alliance. Currently, the country still serves as a hodgepodge for different religions such Roman Catholic, Lutheran Protestantism, Orthodox Christianity. Immigration to Germany in past decades has seen the arrival of more foreign citizens and more religious communities. At the end of 2001, there

Great A&P Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Great A&P - Essay Example The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company was not the first chain retail store, nor did it invent the concept of the supermarket. A&P did not develop any new business strategies nor did they employ a single technique that hadn’t been used previously by others in some form or fashion. They were, however, able to find wild success in the transformation of the process and efficiency of food distribution in Depression-era America and afterwards. The changes A&P subsequently made to our food distribution system set the stage for it to become the largest retailer in the world between the years of 1915 and 1960. A&P recognized that the nation’s reliance on small, independent grocers was not effective since it was primarily based off high price margins and low volumes of stock. Consumers did indeed benefit from the changes A&P integrated into the modern shopping experience, but heated debate did ignite among small business owners and politicians the country over. It would seem t hat the Great A&P itself had undercut local, independent butchers, bakers, and candlestick makers in order to unite and profit from the retail conglomerate that it had envisioned. Although A&P didn’t actually cause these problems, it certainly took the heat for them, and Levinson does an ample job of illustrating how A&P’s triumphs put the organization center stage over the possibilities of corporate monopolization meant for the livelihood of small business owners nationwide. George Gilman, in the 1860s in New York City, differentiated his leather goods business into beverage and tea sales.

Kosovo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Kosovo - Essay Example Thorough investigations will be carried out to find the technical process that goes behind in making these visual designs. The investigation also explores the successful factors of using visual designs, such as logos and identifying their processes, techniques and development. In contrast the not so effective visual designs will also be investigated, to find out what went wrong in the process and development. For this project it was essential to undertake a motive and start experimenting to what can be done with visual design. Moreover to see the impact of how these techniques change the perception of a country. The chosen country for this experiment is Kosovo. Kosovo proved to be more of a challenge to experiment with as many still view Kosovo as a war torn country. The experiment on designing for Kosovo is an attempt to replicate the development and effort that goes behind branding to engage the audience to a visual design. 1. Definition of Visual Design Visual design is not about what the message is through the word. The design is supposed to show both emotions and visuals. The graphics elements must incorporate visual art skills prior to any graphic elements are applied to a design. Visual art includes works which are primarily visual in nature using anything from traditional media to state of the art logo design. Majority of basic visual design concept include colour, contrast, typography, composition, lie, texture, space and shape. Lines are used to guide the viewer thought a composition also the use of type in a visual design can add visual interest. A logo is a name or trademark of a company. Logos are used by companies o represent a concise image of the company. Our eyes are drawn to visual objects; people generally find it easier to remember a simple image over works alone. A logo is also graphical mark that’s used to identify an organization, company, production or brand even individuals to aid and promote instant public recognition. A logo ca n either be purely graphic as a symbol/Icon or it can be composed of the name of the company/brand etc. 2. The importance of visual design and their effects in nation branding Visual design symbolizes the establishment and provides a quality image, representing one of the missed elements needed the nations’ nation branding factors. Either the country doesn’t have one or it isn’t good enough. The research conducted will provide some in depth details of the process that is done in the background on how to make a logo that can help Kosovo stand out it a fears completion when it comes to branding. There are countries, cities and tourist resorts that are facing increasing competitions to attract tourists, possibly inhabitants and various companies to visit their regions or to promote exports, according to Teemu Moilanen and Seppo Rainisto (2009). Figures compiled by Teemu Moilanen and Seppo Rainisto, show that there are more than 300 cities in the world with over a m illion inhabitants. Most of the cities want to stand out from the other competing cities, in terms of attracting the tourists to visit the city’s tourist attractions. Indeed there is more to branding a country than visual design. However, the visual design is the first step to promoting the country at its core. 3. The successes and failures of visual identities The destinations that are going to be investigated for this research are four distinct country tourism destinations. The research